![]() Chlorine is less reactive and much more manageable, and added to water in small quantities to kill microorganisms to make it safe to drink. These elements show a gradual transition in properties as you move from left. Fluorine is so eager to react with anything that it is almost never found as a pure element and it is so dangerous to work with that scientists avoid handling it in reactivity experiments. Silicon is a metalloid, and phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon are nonmetals. This means that fluorine, at the top of the group, is the most reactive. Unlike the group 1 metals, reactivity decreases as you go down the halogens. Chlorine is a chemical element of the periodic table with chemical symbol Cl and atomic number 17 with an atomic weight of 35. Iodine is a dark grey solid which gives off a purple vapour when heated However, for many years scientists thought that the gas contained oxygen. Its name comes from the Greek chloros, meaning pale green. Each halogen has the following characteristics at room temperature: Chlorine gas was first produced by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. Chlorine was discovered by Carl Scheele in Uppsala, Sweden, in 1774. The overall number of electrons is now 18. ![]() The more electrons an element has, the more intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) it can form. The chloride ion, Cl, has a charge of 1, meaning, it had gained 1 electron in its outermost orbital. ![]() Boiling point increases as you go down the group because the mass of each element increases and they have more electrons around their nuclei. TABLE 3.6 H hydrogen, colorless gas N nitrogen, colorless gas O oxygen, colorless gas F fluorine, pale yellow gas Cl chlorine, greenish yellow gas. As you go down the halogens, from fluorine to astatine, the elements become darker in colour and have a higher boiling point. ![]()
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